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This chapter examines the impact of various forms of return on migrants, their families and communities in Senegal, in particular in terms of resilience and/or development. It focuses on spontaneous and independent return, on voluntary return (taking place with IOM support), and on forced return (… Read More
This contribution shows how North and West Africa are highly exposed to climate change and threatened by extreme heat, food and water shortages. These climatic factors, in combination with other political and socioeconomic factors, will add pressure in the future to African economies and… Read More
Libya has historically been a major destination country for foreign workers from across sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, the Middle East and Asia, who have significantly contributed to the local economy. This analysis provides an overview of the evidence regarding the integration of migrants in… Read More
This chapter analyses migration to small-scale gold mining sites in Mali and Burkina Faso. It investigates the extent to which these promote development in communities of destination, and examines migrants’ profiles and reasons to migrate. It finds that gold miming sites draw considerable flows of… Read More
This chapter analyses the reasons given by Senegalese migrants for their decisions to emigrate, through personal life histories. It is based on the author’s research since 2003 on the migrant networks formed through what he calls “multi-sited villages”, social units comprising both the inhabitants… Read More
This chapter investigates the linkages between migration and development in West Africa. The Economic Community of West African States Protocol relating to Free Movement of Persons, Residence and Establishment of 1979 aims at promoting development through the free movement of persons, goods and… Read More
This chapter examines the interactions between migrants and the facilitators of their journeys. It argues that European Union-centric concerns over irregular migration that attribute smuggling to organized criminal networks alone have led to simplistic views of mobility facilitation processes in… Read More
This chapter seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the profiles and network characteristics of smugglers, how they support or facilitate people’s journeys, as well as the role they play in protection incidents experienced by people on the move. The data analysed originate from the Mixed… Read More
In this chapter, we investigate the shifting role played by Italian and European security forces, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the Libyan Coast Guard and Navy (LCGN) in the conduct of search and rescue (SAR) and border enforcement operations in the Central Mediterranean corridor… Read More
This chapter investigates whether migrants using different routes to reach Italy have different characteristics and what individual risk factors and aggravating contextual factors are associated with higher or lower vulnerability of migrants to a selected set of experiences of abuse, violence and… Read More
This chapter explores the risks that migrants face when crossing the Sahara Desert. While data sources on the experiences of migrants in the Sahara are scarce, this analysis relies on data from IOM and the Mixed Migration Centre. The chapter finds that trans-Saharan migration poses risks, both… Read More
Aspiring migrants from Africa are less likely than other migrants to migrate to their preferred international migration destinations. This chapter explores migration aspirations and intentions, and actual migration of citizens of 18 North and West African countries, paying particular attention to… Read More
This chapter provides an overview of migration trends and patterns in the Niger from January 2016 to December 2019. Migration trends shifted drastically after the implementation of the 2015-36 Law, which criminalized irregular migration. Migration routes became more fragmented and outgoing flows… Read More
This chapter provides a descriptive analysis of migrant and refugee arrival trends in Italy and Spain from January 2018 to June 2019. The chapter explores major monthly trends in arrivals in 2018 and the first half of 2019, and indications of potential rerouting between the Central Mediterranean… Read More
This chapter presents a descriptive analysis of migration-related data from Facebook’s Advertising Platform for the African continent. It provides an estimate of the raw number of migrants in Africa, and a disaggregation by country of origin and by sex. According to the data, the total number of “… Read More
This chapter aims to answer the questions: (a) Why do we need to measure migration? and (b) What should we expect from good data on migration? It analyses two data collection tools in detail: IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) and the Mixed Migration Monitoring Mechanism initiative (4Mi).… Read More
This chapter inventories the state of knowledge on international migration from, to and through each of the 12 countries of the Central Mediterranean Route (CMR), with a focus on the last two decades. What national statistics tell us bout numbers and profiles of international migrants in West… Read More
This edited volume provides comprehensive evidence on migration from and within West and North Africa and across the Mediterranean.
It highlights migrants’ agency and contribution to transnational development, as well as the inequalities that shape migration and the risks that migrants are exposed… Read More
The Austrian Annual Policy Report 2019 has been produced within the framework of annual reporting by the national contact points in the European Migration Network. The report outlines the most significant political and legislative developments in Austria in the field of asylum and migration for… Read More
Armenia has traditionally been seen as an origin country for migration and a transit point for migrants heading elsewhere, predominantly to the Russian Federation and the West. However, although official statistics continue to record net emigration, the country has recently experienced a year-on-… Read More
This handbook is intended as an easily accessible guide for opening, maintaining and strengthening migration information centres. It is aimed at local government bodies, and non-State institutions and organizations wishing to serve as information hubs, in collaboration with IOM. It is hoped that… Read More
The new issue of Migration Policy Practice includes four articles on very different themes of interest to policymakers. Following on from our tenth-anniversary edition on the implications of COVID-19 for migration, the first article in this issue looks at how the pandemic is affecting irregular… Read More
Authored by Niva Shrestha, Joelle Mak and Cathy Zimmerman, this Migration Research Series paper explores the concepts of stigma and empowerment through the perceptions and experiences of 55 prospective Nepalese women labour migrants. The results of this qualitative study show that migration can… Read More
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) Global Migration Health Assessment Programme (HAP), under the Migration Health Division, conducts pre-migration health activities that are among the most established and longest-standing services provided by the Organization. These activities are… Read More
At its very core, IOM is grounded in the movement of people. Through 69 years of field experience, the Organization has identified best practices from millions of migrant movements around the globe, informing the development of its many protocols. Every single day, IOM teams are moving people,… Read More
International Migration is a refereed bimonthly review of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) on current migration issues as analysed by demographers, economists, and sociologists all over the world. The journal is edited by Koç University and published and distributed by Wiley. The… Read More
This document is submitted by IOM, pursuant to the call for inputs by the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons on “Internal displacement in the context of the slow-onset adverse effects of climate change”. Through this submission, IOM intends to support the… Read More
The management of tuberculosis (TB) by IOM aims to adequately treat and cure the infected patient, as well as minimize the risk of transmission to other persons before, during and after migration. Quality TB management requires the consistent and diligent application of a standardized, evidence-… Read More
In this paper, Guofu Liu highlights the central role of international cooperation in the field of migration to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. After presenting the main challenges raised by the pandemic for international cooperation on migration, the paper explores good practices in this area. It… Read More
Mobility in West African countries has long been a traditional adaptation strategy to climatic stressors. Present environmental changes are stressing the agricultural sector, which accounts for 35 per cent of West Africa’s GDP and employs over 80 per cent of the workforce. Employment in agriculture… Read More
This publication is to inform labour recruiters on best practices for promoting, facilitating and ensuring the ethical recruitment of migrant domestic workers. The guidelines are derived from the International Recruitment Integrity System (IRIS) Standard, developed by IOM through an extensive multi… Read More
Annexes provide additional useful tools and further guidance on specific reintegration interventions.
Le monde compte actuellement plus de jeunes que jamais auparavant : 1,8 milliard de personnes, soit la génération la plus nombreuse de l’histoire. Sur les 258 millions de migrants internationaux en 2017, 11 % environ avaient moins de 24 ans. Les jeunes ont un rôle essentiel à jouer dans les… Read More
The International Organization for Migration (IOM, the UN Migration Agency) plays a key role in global resettlement. Providing essential support to States in resettling refugees and other humanitarian entrants is a fundamental purpose and among its largest ongoing activities. Along the resettlement… Read More
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that public health and the protection of migrants are not mutually exclusive, but instead must be integrated. Authored by Vincent Chetail, this paper advances three key reasons why it is vital to reconcile the two. First, by both exacerbating and producing new… Read More
In this paper, James Dennison and Andrew Geddes consider how the COVID-19 crisis will impact attitudes towards immigration in Europe. They argue that there is little evidence that the pandemic will undermine or reverse the “long-term trend” towards more positive sentiments about immigration and… Read More
In this paper, Jenna Hennebry and Hari KC examine the increase in xenophobia that migrant workers have faced since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic – from physical and verbal abuse to social exclusion and discriminatory quarantine practices. After detailing how xenophobia has exacerbated migrant… Read More
This Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) profile presents a summary of well-developed areas of migration governance in Iraq as well as areas with potential for further development, as assessed through the MGI. The MGI is a standard set of approximately 90 indicators to assist countries in… Read More
Studies have shown that many irregular migrants embark on journeys without accurate or complete information about migration. In response to this, IOM and other organizations run information campaigns intended to educate potential migrants of the dangers associated with irregular migration and to… Read More
The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since March 2020 has amounted to an unprecedented global health crisis. In order to suppress disease transmission, governments have implemented a range of public health and social measures that in many cases exacerbate underlying… Read More
The widespread imposition of mobility restrictions by governments to slow to the spread of COVID-19 has exacerbated the vulnerability of migrant workers who move as part of temporary labour migration schemes. In this paper, Brenda Yeoh reviews a range of short-term policy measures which have been… Read More
In this paper, Susan Martin and Jonas Bergmann examine the wide-ranging impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had upon human mobility. Considering four types of mobility, defined by the aspirations and capabilities driving them, they outline the various pathways through which the pandemic has… Read More
In this paper, Anna Triandafyllidou and Lucia Nalbandian explore how the pandemic has inverted previous hierarchies of more and less desired migrant workers.
This report updates and qualifies the discussion on the migration of indigenous people from the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the Federative Republic of Brazil. To this end, it problematizes the traditional concept of “durable solutions” in the literature on migration and asylum and offers a… Read More
In this paper, Luisa Feline Freier proposes that the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need of a shift towards including public health considerations from a human security perspective when considering the need for legal pathways to migration and migrant regularization. She first outlines why… Read More
With the restrictions on movement imposed by governments leading to severe labour market shocks and reductions in labour supply, one of the central policy challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic has been how to protect and maintain essential economic activities and public services. In this paper… Read More
For vulnerable migrants living in cities, the COVID-19 pandemic has created both new challenges and new opportunities. Authored by Harald Bauder and Margaret Godoy, this paper explores how policies and practices from so-called sanctuary and solidarity cities – which have long sought to protect such… Read More
Authored by Maruja M.B. Asis, this Migration Research Series paper provides an overview of the repatriation of overseas Filipino workers under the COVID-19 pandemic. While noting the Philippines' good practices and guidelines that have helped the Government to respond to crisis situations in the… Read More
Authored by Ahmet İçduygu, this paper discusses the social, economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular reference to repatriation. While returning home represents a viable option of protection from COVID-19 health risks for most individuals on the move, for irregular… Read More
Although children are less at risk of COVID-19 infection, millions of children – including migrant children – are nevertheless at heightened risk from the pandemic because of their precarious status. Authored by Jacqueline Bhabha, this paper uses available data sources, including crowd-sourced… Read More