Original Language
English
ISBN (PDF)
978-92-9268-384-9
Number of Pages
256
Reference Number
PUB2022/072/R
Year of Publication
2022
Add to reading list

Asia–Pacific Migration Data Report 2021

The Asia–Pacific Migration Data Report series is the flagship publication for the region since 2020.

The Asia–Pacific Migration Data Report 2021 consolidates the latest evidence on the migration landscape in the region in 2021, principally through the lens of recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the course of 2021, Asia and the Pacific endured COVID-19 pandemic conditions, complex humanitarian challenges and political changes in Afghanistan and Myanmar and pronounced effects of climate change. Migration patterns were altered by these crises, but migrants showed remarkable resilience and were essential to early recovery efforts.

Drawing on available international, regional and national data sources, the report is structured around the six Thematic Pillars of IOM Asia–Pacific Regional Data Hub: Migration Policy, Migration Statistics, Types of Migration, Migration and Vulnerabilities, Migration and Development, and Migration and Innovation. The newest thematic pillar, Migration and Innovation, investigates how migration influences and is affected by innovation. The report monitors progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals, the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and the Migration Governance Indicators. It also provides recommendations on strengthening the much-needed evidence base on migration in the region.

  • List of Figures and Tables
  • Acronyms
  • Terminology
  • Foreword
  • Executive Summary
  • Introduction
  • 1. Migration and Policy
    • 1.1 Policy and Governance
      • 1.1.1 Mobility Restrictions and Containment Measures in Response to COVID-19
      • 1.1.2 Progress Towards Orderly, Safe, Regular and Responsible Migration and Mobility of People
  • 2. Migration Statistics
    • 2.1 Migration Stock
      • 2.1.1 Historical Trends in Emigration and Immigration
      • 2.1.2 Migration Projections
      • 2.1.3 Discussion
  • 3. Types of Migration
    • 3.1 Labour Migration
      • 3.1.1 Regional and Subregional Overview of International Labour Migration
      • 3.1.2 Discussion
    • 3.2 Forced Migration
      • 3.2.1 International and Internal Displacement Due to Conflict or Violence
      • 3.2.2 Refugee Resettlement
      • 3.2.3 Voluntary Repatriation
      • 3.2.4 Discussion
    • 3.3 Environmental Migration
      • 3.3.1 Environmental Migration and Data Challenges
      • 3.3.2 Future Projections on Climate Migration
      • 3.3.3 Discussion
    • 3.4 Return Migration
      • 3.4.1 Voluntary Return
      • 3.4.2 Forced Return
      • 3.4.3 Return and Reintegration
      • 3.4.4 Discussion
    • 3.5 Internal Migration and Urbanization
      • 3.5.1 Data on Internal Migration in 2021: A Slowdown or a Paradigm Shift from the Cities?
      • 3.5.2 Discussion
    • 3.6 Irregular Migration
      • 3.6.1 Document Falsification
      • 3.6.2 Migrant Smuggling
      • 3.6.3 Arrest and Detention of Migrants
      • 3.6.4 Discussion
  • 4. Migration and Vulnerabilities
    • 4.1 Emergencies
      • 4.1.1 Vulnerabilities Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
      • 4.1.2 Vulnerabilities Related to Forced Displacement
    • 4.2 Migrant Deaths and Disappearances
      • 4.2.1 Regional Overview
      • 4.2.2 Discussion
    • 4.3 Trafficking in Persons
      • 4.3.1 Discussion
  • 5. Migration and Development
    • 5.1 Remittances and Diasporas
      • 5.1.1 Remittance Inflows
      • 5.1.2 Remittance Costs
      • 5.1.3 Diasporas
      • 5.1.4 Discussion
    • 5.2 Migration and Trade
      • 5.2.1 Trends in International Trade
      • 5.2.2 Bilateral Trade and Migrant Communities
      • 5.2.3 Small-scale Cross-border Trade
      • 5.2.4 Discussion
  • 6. Migration and Innovation 
    • 6.1 Innovative Data Sources
      • 6.1.1 Mobile Phone Data
      • 6.1.2 Internet-based Data
      • 6.1.3 Remote Sensing Data
      • 6.1.4 Discussion
    • 6.2 Supporting Humanitarian Operations and Government Policies
      • 6.2.1 COVID-19 Response
      • 6.2.2 Forecasting and Predictive Tools
      • 6.2.3 Discussion
  • Conclusion and Recommendations
  • Annex
    • Annex I: Sustainable Development Goals Indicators with Explicit Reference to Migration
    • Annex II: Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration Objectives
    • Annex III: Migration Governance Indicators