Since its independence, Timor-Leste has been receiving both regular and irregular migrants, mainly from Asian countries, to work in the construction, commerce and service sectors. Although an institutional framework has been developed to respond to migration management challenges, some shortcomings still exist.

The study emphasizes the fundamental importance of developing a strategic approach to migration and its role in development. This involves establishing priorities in terms of demand for skilled and non-skilled foreign workers and creating appropriate channels for them to stay in the country. Additionally, given the cases of migrant women and men in situations of forced labour, the legal framework should be strengthened in order to protect victims as well as prevent and combat human trafficking.