Community Conversations: The Impact of Awareness-raising Forums on Migration Attitudes in Ethiopia

Original Language
English
Number of Pages
100
Reference Number
PUB2023/061/EL
Date of Publication

24 Ago 2023

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Community Conversations: The Impact of Awareness-raising Forums on Migration Attitudes in Ethiopia

This report unveils the findings of an impact evaluation that investigated the effects of the awareness-raising campaign Community Conversations in Ethiopia. Community Conversations trained facilitators who engaged with influential local leaders, including youth and women’s groups, teachers, and religious leaders, to disseminate messages within their communities through forums. The key outcomes that were evaluated encompass access to information on regular migration pathways, intentions to use irregular migration pathways, subjective migration knowledge, and attitudes towards return migrants. The evaluation used original survey data and employed a “multilevel matching” methodology comparing recipients of the campaign with a non-exposed group. The report provides insights and recommendations for evidence-based programming in the field of awareness-raising campaigns. The study was implemented collaboratively by IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre and the IOM Mission in Ethiopia. 

  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
  • LIST OF FIGURES 
  • LIST OF TABLES 
  • ACRONYMS 
  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
  • 1. Introduction 
    • 1.1. Regional migration context 
    • 1.2. Migrants’ expectations for migration 
    • 1.3. Preparation and (mis)information 
    • 1.4. Existing evidence on the impact of information and awareness-raising campaigns 
  • 2. IOM Community Conversations Programme 
    • 2.1. Programmatic objectives 
    • 2.2. Programme implementation 
    • 2.3. Theory of change and theoretical framework 
  • 3. Evaluation methodology and data 
    • 3.1. Study design 
    • 3.2. Sampling strategy 
      • 3.2.1. Selection of villages 
      • 3.2.2. Selection of households and individual respondents 
    • 3.3. Field training and survey tools 
    • 3.4. Ethical considerations 
    • 3.5. Limitations 
      • 3.5.1. Limitations during data collection 
      • 3.5.2. Limitations during data analysis 
  • 4. Demographic findings and statistical analysis 
    • 4.1. Survey data 
    • 4.2. Selected demographic characteristics 
    • 4.3. Selected migration characteristics 
    • 4.4. Definition(s) of treatment group, matching and statistical analysis 
  • 5. Evaluation results 
    • 5.1. The Community Conversations Programme implementation 
      • 5.1.1. The Community Conversations Programme duration 
      • 5.1.2. Community action plans 
      • 5.1.3. Participants and topics discussed in the Community Conversations Programme sessions 
      • 5.1.4. Exposure to the Community Conversations Programme 
    • 5.2. The Community Conversations Programme facilitators 
      • 5.2.1. Facilitators’ demographics 
      • 5.2.2. Facilitators’ migration attitudes 
      • 5.2.3. Facilitators’ experiences in the Community Conversations Programme 
      • 5.2.4. Facilitators’ knowledge of the Community Conversations Programme topics 
      • 5.2.5. Facilitators’ perceptions of the impact of the Community Conversations Programme 
    • 5.3. Outcome evaluation 
      • 5.3.1. Subjective levels of information about migration 
      • 5.3.2. Perceptions of access to information about regular migration pathways 
      • 5.3.3. Knowledge about migration-related topics 
        • 5.3.3.1. Knowledge of overseas migrants’ rights 
        • 5.3.3.2. Knowledge of migration-related risks, trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants 
        • 5.3.3.3. Knowledge of migration costs and earnings in the destination country 
      • 5.3.4. Attitudes towards irregular migration risks 
      • 5.3.5. Intentions to migrate 
      • 5.3.6. Perceptions of local economic opportunities 
      • 5.3.7. Perceptions of migrant returnees 
      • 5.3.8. Civic participation and attitudes towards local authorities 
  • 6. Conclusions 
  • 7. Recommendations 
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY 
  • TECHNICAL ANNEX 
  • 1. Community Conversations Programme sessions 
  • 2. Community Conversations Facilitators’ Manual table of contents 
  • 3. Retroactive logic model of the Community Conversations Programme 
  • 4. Description and operationalization of variables 
    • 4.1. Main outcome variables 
    • 4.2. Covariates and matching variables 
  • 5. Matching procedure 
    • 5.1. Balance before matching 
    • 5.2. Balance after matching 
    • 5.3. Matching procedure for disaggregated analysis 
  • 6. Mathematical notation and assumptions 
  • 7. Treatment effects 
    • 7.1. Subjective level of information about migration 
      • 7.1.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
    • 7.2. Knowledge about migration 
      • 7.2.1. Awareness of migrant workers’ rights 
        • 7.2.1.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
      • 7.2.2. Awareness of irregular migration, smuggling and trafficking in persons 
        • 7.2.2.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
      • 7.2.3. Journey cost (in Ethiopian birr) 
        • 7.2.3.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
      • 7.2.4. Income in destination country (in Ethiopian birr) 
        • 7.2.4.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
    • 7.3. Risk perceptions 
      • 7.3.1. Risks of moving to Europe – binary 
        • 7.3.1.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
      • 7.3.2. Risks of moving to the Gulf Cooperation Council countries – binary 
        • 7.3.2.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
      • 7.3.3. Probability of arriving and finding a job in the destination country 
        • 7.3.3.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
    • 7.4. Intentions to migrate 
      • 7.4.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
    • 7.5. Perception of economic opportunities at the district level 
      • 7.5.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
    • 7.6. Perception of returnees 
      • 7.6.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
    • 7.7. Perception of access to information about regular migration 
      • 7.7.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample) 
    • 7.8. Interaction with local authorities 
      • 7.8.1. Interaction effects (CCP-aware sample)