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This publication has been issued without formal editing by IOM.
The country names follow the World Bank Corporate Secretariat convention and may not be in compliance with IOM's convention for country and territory names.
This Toolkit is part of a series of Toolkits developed under the Mainstreaming Migration into International Cooperation and Development (MMICD) project by the EU. The aim of this toolkit is to provide concise, operational and user-friendly information and tools to help international cooperation and… Read More
This chapter provides an overview of current trafficking trends and patterns, looking at the available data on migrant victims of human trafficking and traffickers. It explores current challenges and promising avenues for the prevention of trafficking of migrants, including prosecuting traffickers… Read More
This report synthesizes the main findings of qualitative research conducted between April 2019 and March 2021 by IOM’s Missing Migrants Project about the challenges and experiences of families of missing migrants in Ethiopia, the United Kingdom, Spain and Zimbabwe. Across the four countries, 76… Read More
This research report contributes to the body of knowledge on the experiences of families of missing migrants in Zimbabwe as they search for their relatives and deal with the impacts of the loss. The disappearance of a migrant relative has deep impacts on the emotional, economic, social and legal… Read More
This report is based on qualitative research conducted with families of missing migrants and civil society organizations in Spain. The findings show the challenges that families face when searching for their loved ones as well as the actions that they are already taking to look for them.
This report explores the challenges and needs of Ethiopian families who have relatives who went missing or died in the context of international migration, against the backdrop of the legal, policy and institutional frameworks applicable to issues of missing migrants in Ethiopia.
This report explores the challenges and needs of families living in the United Kingdom who have relatives who went missing or died in the course of international migration, and provides a policy-oriented overview of laws, advocacies, initiatives and support services applicable to the issue of… Read More
Irregular maritime migration to Europe, contrary to popular conceptions, is less an issue of migrant arrivals and is rather a challenge of humanitarian dimensions. With more than 20,000 lives lost in the Mediterranean, and more than 3,100 en route to the Canary Islands, the deaths on maritime… Read More
People across Peru are vulnerable and exposed to a wide range of hazards, and studies demonstrate that these hazards are key drivers of migration in the country. Hydrometeorological hazards resulting in excessive amounts of water (in such forms as torrential rainfalls and floods) – or the lack… Read More
Risk-taking is inherent to migration. Leaving one’s home has inevitably something of venturing into unknown territory. The home one leaves can be inhospitable, yet it is a familiar place. A host country can seem a heaven from afar, yet a newcomer with no full citizenship rights may find it a hard… Read More
The protection abuses and human rights violations faced by refugees and migrants along the journey to Libya and within the country are well documented by NGOs, human rights organizations and news outlets. Yet, little is understood about why certain people on the move are exposed to protection… Read More
This chapter provides an overview of the main vulnerabilities and risks faced by migrants assisted in the IOM transit centres in the Niger en route back to their countries of origin, and of changes to such risks observed over the past three years. These are also presented through migrants’ personal… Read More
In this chapter, we investigate the shifting role played by Italian and European security forces, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the Libyan Coast Guard and Navy (LCGN) in the conduct of search and rescue (SAR) and border enforcement operations in the Central Mediterranean corridor… Read More
This chapter investigates whether migrants using different routes to reach Italy have different characteristics and what individual risk factors and aggravating contextual factors are associated with higher or lower vulnerability of migrants to a selected set of experiences of abuse, violence and… Read More
This chapter explores the risks that migrants face when crossing the Sahara Desert. While data sources on the experiences of migrants in the Sahara are scarce, this analysis relies on data from IOM and the Mixed Migration Centre. The chapter finds that trans-Saharan migration poses risks, both… Read More
The new issue of Migration Policy Practice includes four articles on very different themes of interest to policymakers. Following on from our tenth-anniversary edition on the implications of COVID-19 for migration, the first article in this issue looks at how the pandemic is affecting irregular… Read More
Although children are less at risk of COVID-19 infection, millions of children – including migrant children – are nevertheless at heightened risk from the pandemic because of their precarious status. Authored by Jacqueline Bhabha, this paper uses available data sources, including crowd-sourced… Read More
Since the beginning of 2014, IOM’s Missing Migrants Project has recorded the deaths of over 20,000 people in the Mediterranean Sea as they tried to make the dangerous migration journey to Europe. Yet beyond the total numbers of fatalities, other approaches are needed to understand this catastrophic… Read More
Viet Nam is home to dynamic and multidimensional population movements. Harnessing the full benefits of the migration process can unlock opportunities and deliver much-needed income and prosperity to families and communities, yet migrants themselves have been identified as vulnerable populations… Read More
There are currently more young people in the world than ever, around 1.8 billion, representing the largest generation in history. Of the 258 million international migrants in 2017, around 11 per cent were under 24 years of age. Young people have a key role to play in policy discussions, and are… Read More
Increased competition for qualified and highly qualified human resources in both developed and rapidly developing countries; the perception of educational migration as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of countries and increasing human capital are global trends in today’s migration… Read More
Authored by Martina Belmonte and Simon McMahon, this Migration Research Series paper offers a review of the available evidence and data on youth migration in order to take a step towards greater clarity in research and policymaking. A review of the available research on youth migration is… Read More
The practical guidelines contained in this publication provide guidance on how to develop and implement referral mechanisms for the protection and assistance of migrants vulnerable to violence, exploitation and abuse. The objective is to strengthen operational responses and thereby improve… Read More
IOM Handbook on Protection and Assistance to Migrants Vulnerable to Violence, Exploitation and Abuse
This handbook presents the determinants of migrant vulnerability (DOMV) model for analysing and responding to migrant vulnerability. The DOMV model is specifically designed to address the protection and assistance needs of a specific subset of migrants: those who have experienced or are vulnerable… Read More
By adopting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the international community has committed to end child labour by 2025 and forced labour and human trafficking by 2030. According to the latest global estimates, 152 million children are in child labour and 25 million adults and children are in… Read More
Between 2014 and 2018, more than 70,000 unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) arrived in Italy by sea, 90 per cent of whom were between 15 and 17 years old. The significant presence of UASCs in the country, and the growing number of UASCs who have turned 18 (about 60,000 in the last five… Read More
The World Migration Report 2020 InfoSheets provide a succinct overview of each of the 11 chapters in the Report. They provide an easy and quick way to get a sense of the topics and issues examined in World Migration Report 2020.
Child migration is a significant contemporary phenomenon. It is likely to increase in both scale and salience as the mobility of young people grows, a result of more affordable travel, climate change, growing technology-mediated connectivity and increasing global inequality in the distribution of… Read More
The first article, by Andreas Backhaus, Mikkel Barslund and Augusta Nannerini of the Centre for European Policy Studies, discusses the implications of a resolution by the European Parliament in December 2018 asking the European Commission to present a proposal for a common European Union framework… Read More
The study examines the legal and political framework as well as concrete measures for attracting and retaining international students in Austria. The analysis focuses particularly on the conditions of entry and residence, concrete rights and the higher education system regarding international… Read More
What makes migrants vulnerable to human trafficking and associated forms of exploitation and abuse? A new study, undertaken by Minderoo Foundation’s Walk Free initiative and IOM, examines the connection between migration and modern slavery, and focuses on which migrants are most vulnerable, and in… Read More
This report presents the results of the survey that assesses the effectiveness of the substance use primary prevention campaign conducted by the International Organization for Migration and relevant stakeholders. It depicts findings related to changes in the awareness of migrant and ethnic minority… Read More
Fatal Journeys Volume 4 focuses on a special theme – missing migrant children – given the growing number of children embarking on journeys that are dangerous and often fatal. Since 2014, IOM has documented more than 32,000 deaths and disappearances during the migration journey worldwide, although… Read More
Over the last decade, crossing the Central Mediterranean has become one of the deadliest journeys in the world for migrants, with at least 15,000 migrants having died on this route since 2014. The vast majority of bodies found are not identified, with net identification rates of migrant bodies… Read More
Authored by Harald Bauder, Mehrunnisa Ahmad Ali and John Shields, this publication in the Migration Research Series is the introduction to the book, Putting Family First: Migration and Integration in Canada, edited by Harald Bauder and published by UBC Press in May 2019. The publication explores… Read More
This new issue of Migration Policy Practice is a special edition focused on the return and reintegration of migrants who are unable or unwilling to remain in host or transit countries. In light of complex and dynamic migration flows, the discourse on return and reintegration has gained renewed… Read More
The term “best interests” broadly describes the well-being of a child. Such well-being is determined by a variety of individual circumstances, such as the child’s age and level of maturity, the presence or absence of parents, and the child’s environment and experiences. Its interpretation and… Read More
GiA12, on establishing referral procedures among key stakeholders, list mechanisms that have been established to identify migrants' specific needs and refer individual migrants to actors that are best placed to meet them. It also presents a checklist for the safe evacuation of migrant children out… Read More
This project evaluation report reviews tools and activities piloted to build the capacity of foster carers to look after Albanian, Vietnamese and other unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in the United Kingdom who are identified – or potential – victims of human trafficking and modern slavery.… Read More
International Migration is a refereed bimonthly review of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) on current migration issues as analysed by demographers, economists, and sociologists all over the world. The journal is edited by Carleton University and published and distributed by Wiley… Read More
The study "Immigration of International Students from Third Countries to Austria" provides an overview of Austrian immigration policy, law and measures regarding international students from third countries. Furthermore, the phenomenon of mobility of international students is explored from the… Read More
The study describes the current state of unaccompanied minors in Austria with regard to legislation and practices. It also presents available statistics on this topic. A number of relevant areas are covered: entry, residence, asylum procedure, age assessment, guardianship, legal advice,… Read More
This study focuses on Austria’s policies and practices regarding unaccompanied minors following the determination of their residence status. It explores support and integration measures for unaccompanied minors once their residence status has been established as well as policies and procedures… Read More
Since 2000, more than 60,000 deaths and disappearances during migration have been recorded worldwide. These numbers not only highlight the issue of migrant fatalities and the consequences for families searching for lost loved ones, but can also be used to illustrate the risks associated with… Read More
Plentiful research shows that children on the move face greater risks of falling victim to trafficking, exploitation, violence or abuse. The lack of data on migrant children, explored in this Data Bulletin, is therefore particularly concerning precisely because data are essential in providing… Read More
Authored by Prof. Bree Akesson and Kearney Coupland, this new publication in the IOM Migration Research Series explores the decision-making processes of war-affected Syrian families before leaving home. Drawing upon collaborative family interviews with 46 Syrian families resettled in Lebanon, the… Read More
The new edition of Migration Policy Practice, guest-edited by Gabriella Sanchez from the Migration Policy Centre at the European University Institute, focuses on issues of child migration. It seeks to respond to the Call to Action launched earlier this year by UNICEF, the International Organization… Read More
The sea has long offered passage to a diverse range of people fleeing poverty, conflict, persecution and oppression, in search of safety and opportunity “on the other side.” Complex migration routes and mass exploitation of migrants are among the most urgent humanitarian tests of our time. As… Read More
This exploratory study focuses on migrant families residing in so called family locations (Gezinslocaties) in the Netherlands. Following the Dutch High Court ruling in the Ferreira case in 2012, the Government of the Netherlands organizes the housing of migrant families whose asylum application… Read More