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Le présent chapitre expose les conclusions de trois études complètes menées par le Centre mondial d’analyse des données sur la migration de l’OIM sur les effets et l’efficacité des campagnes d’information sur les risques de la migration irrégulière.
La Communauté économique des États d’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) et ses États membres adoptent de plus en plus de mesures et de politiques visant à maximiser les avantages potentiels de la migration pour le développement. Ce chapitre analyse les relations entre les États membres de la CEDEAO et… Read More
Le présent chapitre aborde deux questions centrales : a) Quelles sont les incidences de la migration internationale sur les cadres nationaux de droits et de devoirs ? b) Quelles politiques les États élaborent-ils pour gérer leurs ressortissants expatriés et l’entrée et le séjour des ressortissants… Read More
La majorité des États d’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Nord ainsi que des États d’Europe appartiennent à des zones de libre circulation. La tendance à lever les contrôles aux frontières intrarégionales s’est toutefois accompagnée d’une tendance au renforcement des contrôles aux frontières extérieures. Le… Read More
Le présent chapitre montre en quoi l’Afrique du Nord et l’Afrique de l’Ouest sont fortement exposées au changement climatique et menacées par la chaleur extrême et des pénuries de nourriture et d’eau. Ces facteurs climatiques, alliés à des facteurs politiques et socioéconomiques, vont faire peser… Read More
La Libye est de longue date une destination majeure pour les travailleurs étrangers d’Afrique subsaharienne, d’Afrique du Nord, du Moyen-Orient et d’Asie, qui ont largement contribué à l’économie locale. La présente analyse donne un aperçu des éléments factuels concernant l’intégration des migrants… Read More
Le présent chapitre examine les interactions entre les migrants et ceux qui facilitent leur voyage. Il fait valoir que les préoccupations centrées sur l’Union européenne concernant la migration irrégulière, qui attribuent le trafic illicite aux seuls réseaux criminels organisés, ont conduit à des… Read More
le présent chapitre a pour but de mieux faire comprendre les profils des passeurs, les caractéristiques de leurs réseaux, la manière dont ils accompagnent ou facilitent les voyages des migrants, ainsi que le rôle qu’ils jouent dans les incidents touchant à la protection de ces derniers. Les données… Read More
Dans ce chapitre, nous examinons l’évolution du rôle joué par les forces de sécurité italiennes et européennes, les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) ainsi que la garde côtière et la marine libyennes dans la conduite d’opérations de recherche et de sauvetage (SAR) et de contrôle aux… Read More
Le présent chapitre se penche sur la difficulté d’estimer l’ampleur et la répartition des risques en matière de protection en Libye, en analysant un ensemble de données établi à partir de 5 659 entretiens menés auprès de réfugiés et de migrants ayant gagné la Libye au départ de pays d’Afrique de l’… Read More
Le présent chapitre traite des risques que courent les migrants lorsqu'ils traversent le Sahara. Alors que les sources de données sur les expériences vécues par les migrants dans le Sahara sont rares, cette analyse s'appuie sur des données provenant de l'OIM et du Mixed Migration Centre. Il ressort… Read More
Ce chapitre étudie les liens entre la migration moderne et les mouvements de transhumance existant de longue date en Mauritanie. Dans ce pays, les éleveurs ont de tout temps pratiqué la transhumance interne et transfrontalière pour optimiser l’accès à l’eau et aux pâturages, ce qui leur a permis de… Read More
Le présent chapitre étudie l’utilisation des mégadonnées pour évaluer les « facteurs de répulsion » mensuels des migrations liées à l’asile à l’échelle nationale. Il s’intéresse en outre à la question de savoir s’il existe une corrélation entre, d’une part, les estimations de ces facteurs dans les… Read More
Les candidats à la migration originaires d’Afrique sont moins susceptibles de migrer vers leurs destinations internationales préférées que d’autres migrants. Le présent chapitre étudie les aspirations et les intentions en matière de migration, ainsi que les migrations effectives de ressortissants… Read More
Ce chapitre examine les différences et les similarités entre les migrants qui sont récemment arrivés en Libye et ceux qui s’y trouvent depuis au moins un an sur le plan de la migration de main-d’oeuvre, de l’emploi, des projets, des rapatriements de fonds, de l’accès aux services, des besoins… Read More
Entre 2014 et 2016, lorsqu’un nombre inédit de réfugiés et de migrants dépourvus de documents sont arrivés en Europe par voie maritime, une carte du quart nord-ouest du continent africain est apparue dans les médias européens. Y figuraient plusieurs lignes ou flèches s’étendant du golfe de Guinée à… Read More
The Africa Migration Report takes a distinctly regional approach to inform knowledge on migration in Africa. This first edition, titled Challenging the Narrative, aims to deconstruct negative perceptions of migration in Africa by addressing contextual realities and bringing to light practical… Read More
Recognize migrants’ agency: Migrants from West and North Africa adopt flexible mobility-based strategies to contribute to their own and their communities’ resilience and development. They also contribute to national development. They mostly move within their countries, regions and continent, and… Read More
In the years 2014–2016, when arrivals of undocumented migrants and refugees arriving by sea to Europe surged to unprecedented numbers, a map of the north-west quarter of Africa made an appearance in European media. The map showed several lines,or arrows, spanning the Gulf of Guinea to the… Read More
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and its Member States are increasingly adopting policies and measures aiming at maximizing possible benefits of migration for development. This chapter analyses how ECOWAS Member States engage with their diasporas. It draws on an analysis of… Read More
The protection abuses and human rights violations faced by refugees and migrants along the journey to Libya and within the country are well documented by NGOs, human rights organizations and news outlets. Yet, little is understood about why certain people on the move are exposed to protection… Read More
This chapter explores the links between modern migration and long-standing transhumance movements in Mauritania. In the country, livestock farmers have for a long time practiced internal and cross-border transhumance, to optimize access to water and pasture. This has allowed them to cope with harsh… Read More
This chapter explores the use of big data to estimate monthly country-level “push factors” of asylum-related migration. It also looks at whether estimates of push factors in countries of origin correlate with traditional data on irregular migration on the CentralMediterranean Route and asylum… Read More
This chapter explores differences and similarities between migrants who have recently arrived in Libya and those who have been there for at least one year, along the dimensions of labour migration, employment, intentions, remittances, access to services,humanitarian needs and vulnerabilities, based… Read More
Information campaigns are not a new policy tool, but only in recent years has evidence slowly caught up with implementation in the field of migration. This chapter outlines the learnings of three comprehensive studies completed by the IOM Global Migration Data Analysis Centre on the impact and… Read More
This chapter addresses two core questions: (a) How does international migration impact national frameworks of rights and duties?; (b) What policies do States develop to deal with their expatriate nationals and the entry and stay of foreign nationals? Section 32.2 reviews legislation on nationality… Read More
Most States in West and North Africa and in Europe are part of free movement areas. The trend towards lifting intraregional border controls has, however, unfolded in parallel with a trend towards tightening external border controls. This chapter analyses how the two trends have shaped regional and… Read More
This contribution shows how North and West Africa are highly exposed to climate change and threatened by extreme heat, food and water shortages. These climatic factors, in combination with other political and socioeconomic factors, will add pressure in the future to African economies and… Read More
Libya has historically been a major destination country for foreign workers from across sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, the Middle East and Asia, who have significantly contributed to the local economy. This analysis provides an overview of the evidence regarding the integration of migrants in… Read More
This chapter examines the interactions between migrants and the facilitators of their journeys. It argues that European Union-centric concerns over irregular migration that attribute smuggling to organized criminal networks alone have led to simplistic views of mobility facilitation processes in… Read More
This chapter seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the profiles and network characteristics of smugglers, how they support or facilitate people’s journeys, as well as the role they play in protection incidents experienced by people on the move. The data analysed originate from the Mixed… Read More
In this chapter, we investigate the shifting role played by Italian and European security forces, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the Libyan Coast Guard and Navy (LCGN) in the conduct of search and rescue (SAR) and border enforcement operations in the Central Mediterranean corridor… Read More
This chapter explores the risks that migrants face when crossing the Sahara Desert. While data sources on the experiences of migrants in the Sahara are scarce, this analysis relies on data from IOM and the Mixed Migration Centre. The chapter finds that trans-Saharan migration poses risks, both… Read More
Aspiring migrants from Africa are less likely than other migrants to migrate to their preferred international migration destinations. This chapter explores migration aspirations and intentions, and actual migration of citizens of 18 North and West African countries, paying particular attention to… Read More
This edited volume provides comprehensive evidence on migration from and within West and North Africa and across the Mediterranean.
It highlights migrants’ agency and contribution to transnational development, as well as the inequalities that shape migration and the risks that migrants are exposed… Read More
Since the beginning of 2014, IOM’s Missing Migrants Project has recorded the deaths of over 20,000 people in the Mediterranean Sea as they tried to make the dangerous migration journey to Europe. Yet beyond the total numbers of fatalities, other approaches are needed to understand this catastrophic… Read More
Migration Initiatives 2020 illustrates to Member States, governments, partners, the private sector and readers the planned interventions and global funding requirements of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) for 2020. Migration Initiatives 2020 is structured around the Migration… Read More
While migration topics in Northern and Western Africa are in the political spotlight, relevant data on migration remain scarce. Basic migration statistics and information are often lacking or are out of date, and data to monitor the migration-related commitments of the SDGs are not widely available… Read More
Over the last decade, crossing the Central Mediterranean has become one of the deadliest journeys in the world for migrants, with at least 15,000 migrants having died on this route since 2014. The vast majority of bodies found are not identified, with net identification rates of migrant bodies… Read More
Migrant Smuggling Data and Research: A global review of the emerging evidence base (Volume 2) presents a unique review of what is being collected and what can be done to further build the evidence base on migrant smuggling globally. The second volume on the topic, and building on the 2016 report,… Read More
Trafficking in human beings (THB) and smuggling of migrants (SoM), two distinct but often interrelated phenomena, occur on a global scale. Searching for a way out of economic inequalities, environmental crises, armed conflict, political instability and persecution, and in view of tightening border… Read More
Over the past years, public attention has gradually turned to the experiences of migrants along the precarious Mediterranean routes to Europe. A large number of migrants continue to risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea on the way to Europe, often enduring long and perilous journeys. A… Read More
Young migrants and refugees set out to escape harm or secure better futures – and face staggering risks in the process. For children and youth on the move via the Mediterranean Sea routes to Europe, the journey is marked by high levels of abuse, trafficking and exploitation. Some are more… Read More
Remittances that migrants send home play an important role in boosting the home country’s development as they are a steady, reliable source of investment that helps millions of individuals and households to raise living standards, improve health and education, provide capital for entrepreneurial… Read More
The International Organization for Migration’s (IOM) Missing Migrants Project has recorded more than 7,500 people who lost their lives or went missing in the course of migration in 2016, a 30-per cent increase over the number recorded in 2015. More than 5,000 migrant deaths and disappearances were… Read More
Trafficking in persons and other forms of exploitation occur in times of crisis yet remain largely overlooked in the context of humanitarian response. This briefing document provides contemporary, evidence-based findings indicating that trafficking in persons is not a side effect of crises but is… Read More
During the first five months of 2016, 1 in every 23 migrants has died attempting to journey across the Central Mediterranean to Europe. This represents a drastic worsening of an already high death toll. Since the beginning of 2014, the overall ratio of deaths to numbers of migrant crossings has… Read More
Malgré ses potentitalités, l'Afrique connaît encore beaucoup d'obstacles à son développement endogène. En effet, une croissance démographique globalement importante combinée à une situation politique, économique ou sociale difficile ont poussé bon nombre de ses ressortissants à s'expatrier pour… Read More
Over the past ten years IOM’s experience in accompanying governments through programmes, initiatives, studies and numerous conferences concerning Migration for Development in Africa (MIDA) and similar initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific have demonstrated that… Read More
Cet aide-mémoire analyse la situation des migrants retournés chez eux dans plusieurs pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest suite au conflit en Libye. Il donne une vue d’ensemble des facteurs qui ont favorisé la migration vers la Libye en premier lieu ; le voyage des migrants en Libye et leurs efforts pour… Read More