Original Language
English
Number of Pages
78
Reference Number
ENG0589
Date of upload

07 Mar 2018

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Migrant Smuggling to Canada: An Enquiry into Vulnerability and Irregularity through Migrant Stories

The study focuses on assessing migrant vulnerabilities, protection needs and exposure to exploitation before migration, during their transit and upon arrival through a qualitative research based on migrants' experiences of irregular migration to Canada – with a focus on Afghan and Syrian migrants.

The objectives of this study are to map out of the characteristics of the current and developing smuggling networks that have Canada as a final destination and assess the vulnerabilities and exploitation that migrants are exposed to during their journeys.

  • List of figures and table
  • List of acronyms
  • Glossary of key terms
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
    • 1.1. Project background
    • 1.2. Methodology
    • 1.3. Limitations and constraints
    • 1.4. Structure of the report
  • 2. CONTEXT OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING
    • 2.1. Approaches to addressing migrant smuggling
    • 2.2. Nature of migrant smuggling
    • 2.3. Political environment and context
  • 3. MIGRANT THRESHOLDS
    • 3.1. The diversity of profile of migrants
    • 3.2. Indifference threshold
    • 3.3. Locational threshold
    • 3.4. Trajectory threshold
  • 4. PREPAREDNESS AND RESOURCE MOBILIZATION
    • 4.1. Level of information about Canada during decision-making
    • 4.2. Relying on the smuggler
    • 4.3. Relying on other actors
  • 5. VULNERABILITIES AND EXPOSURE TO EXPLOITATION 
    • 5.1. Definition: Vulnerability and exploitation
    • 5.2. Trends in vulnerabilities and exposure to exploitation
    • 5.3. Implications for protection
  • 6. ASPIRATIONS
    • 6.1. Then and now
    • 6.2. Looking to the future
  • 7. RECOMMENDATIONS
    • 7.1. Recommendations for Member States, governments, international organizations and other stakeholders
    • 7.2. Framework for protection programming in contexts of transit
    • 7.3. Recommendations for the use of complementary approaches and non-traditional response
    • 7.4. Recommendations to strengthen the ecosystem that protects migrants
  • Annex
    • Interviewee list
  • Bibliography