The study evaluates the implementation of existing child protection systems and initiatives among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States and examines the barriers children face in accessing these systems. It focuses specifically on Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia and Thailand, with a specific thematic focus on legal identity, education and social protection. The findings from this study provide insights based on interviews with migrant children, their families and other actors, and pose actionable recommendations to the governments of these four countries and their social partners. These recommendations aim to support the development of policies and plans that better promote and protect children’s rights, in alignment with international and regional instruments, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the ASEAN Declaration on the Rights of Children in the Context of Migration and its Regional Plan of Action.